| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʔ | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | ⱱ | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| Lateral fricative | ɬ | ɮ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | ||||||||||||||||||
Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
| Clicks | Voiced implosives | Ejectives | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ʘ | Bilabial | ɓ | Bilabial | ◌ʼ | Examples: |
| ǀ | Dental | ɗ | Dental/alveolar | pʼ | Bilabial |
| ǃ | (Post)alveolar | ʄ | Palatal | tʼ | Dental/alveolar |
| ǂ | Palatoalveolar | ɠ | Velar | kʼ | Velar |
| ǂ | Palatoalveolar | ɠ | Velar | kʼ | Velar |
| ǁ | Alveolar lateral | ʛ | Uvular | sʼ | Alveolar fricative |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i●y | ɨ●ʉ | ɯ●u |
| ɪ●ʏ | ʊ | ||
| Close-mid | e●ø | ɘ●ɵ | ɤ●o |
| ə | |||
| Open-mid | ɛ●œ | ɜ●ɞ | ʌ●ɔ |
| æ | ɐ | ||
| Open | a●ɶ | ɑ●ɒ |
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.
| ʍ | Voiceless labial-velar fricative | ɕ | ʑ | Alveolo-palatal fricative |
| w | Voiced labial-velar approximant | ɺ | Voiced alveolar lateral flap | |
| ɥ | Voiced labial-palatal approximant | ɧ | Simultaneous ʃ and x | |
| ʜ | Voiceless epiglottal fricative | Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.t͜sk͡p | ||
| ʢ | Voiced epiglottal fricative | |||
| ʡ | Epiglottal plosive | |||
| ˈ | Primary stress | ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən |
| ˌ | Secondary stress | |
| ◌ː | Long | eː |
| ◌ˑ | Half long | eˑ |
| ◌̆ | Extra short | ĕ |
| | | Minor (foot) group | |
| ‖ | Major (intonation) group | |
| . | Syllable break | ɹi.ækt |
| ‿ | Linking (absence of a break) |
| ◌̥ | Voiceless | n̥d̥ | ◌̤ | Breathy voiced | b̤a̤ | ◌̪ | Dental | t̪d̪ |
| ◌̬ | Voiced | s̬t̬ | ◌̰ | Creaky voiced | b̰a̰ | ◌̺ | Apical | t̺d̺ |
| ◌ʰ | Aspirated | tʰdʰ | ◌̼ | Linguolabial | t̼a̼ | ◌̻ | Laminal | t̻d̻ |
| ◌̹ | More rounded | ɔ̹ | ◌ʷ | Labialized | tʷdʷ | ◌̃ | Nasalized | ẽ |
| ◌̜ | Less rounded | ɔ̜ | ◌ʲ | Palatalized | tʲdʲ | ◌ⁿ | Nasal release | dⁿ |
| ◌̟ | Advanced | u̟ | ◌ˠ | Velarized | tˠdˠ | ◌ˡ | Lateral release | dˡ |
| ◌̠ | Retracted | e̠ | ◌ˤ | Pharyngealized | tˤdˤ | ◌̚ | No audible release | d̚ |
| ◌̈ | Centralized | ë | ~ | Velarized or pharyngealized | ɫ | |||
| ◌̽ | Mid-centralized | e̽ | ◌̝ | Raised | e̝ (ɹ̝ = voiced alveolar fricative) | |||
| ◌̩ | Syllabic | n̩ | ◌̞ | Lowered | e̞ (β̞ = voiced bilabial approximant) | |||
| ◌̯ | Non-syllabic | e̯ | ◌̘ | Advanced tongue root | e̘ | |||
| ◌˞ | Rhoticity | ə˞a˞ | ◌̙ | Retracted tongue root | e̙ | |||
Some diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊
| Level | Contour | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ◌̋˥ | Extra high | ◌̌˩˥ | Rising |
| ◌́˦ | High | ◌̂˥˩ | Falling |
| ◌̄˧ | Mid | ◌᷄˧˥ | High rising |
| ◌̀˨ | Low | ◌᷅˨˧ | Low rising |
| ◌̏˩ | Extra low | ◌᷈˨˥˨ | Rising-falling |
| ꜜ | Downstep | ↗ | Global rise |
| ꜛ | Upstep | ↘ | Global fall |